Sunday, October 13, 2019

Ethics: Is it fine for Nirbhaya Case Victim to Ask Money for TV Appearance


A journalist has claimed that in year 2013, the male friend of ‘Nirbhaya’ (nick name given to the female victim of the heinous 2012 crime in Delhi which shook the nation) had demanded money to appear on camera and narrate what had happened for TV News channels. The message is that his demand for money was unethical. Hence the journalist recorded the demand on TV in a ‘sting operation’. The journalist decided not to expose the man way back then because of some God knows what reason but now due to some curious reason, he has decided to reveal that episode on Twitter. 

There are several aspects to the case and I would like to think about each one of those.

1. Is it unethical for someone to ask for money to appear on TV? I do not think so and I hope you would agree about the same. Most of the persons who appear on TV get paid for their screen time and efforts and other sacrifices in order to make the appearance. Plus, the TV channel makes money from their appearance. Be it the participants of debates or so called ‘reality’ shows, getting compensated monetarily or in some other form is the established norm.

2. Is it ethical for a journalist to make a recording of a person without his information, even if he can later label it as ‘sting operation’? I do not think so. You need the person’s consent before you record someone on camera. Most people who record others on camera without their awareness do so because of some malicious intent. Only, the kind of journalism that has become the norm in India, our journalists label such acts as ‘sting operation’ and then people are told that it is okay to do so. Think about it – if someone comes to you and offers a huge sum of money or some undue offer (like school admission for your kid), if you agreed to do something which you won’t do in normal times. Now if that person recorded it as part of his ‘sting operation’ and showed it as a proof that you are corrupt. But the fact is that you did not do anything wrong in “real”. It was all a “hypothetical” act. It is one thing for someone to wish, think or vow to do something. But in real they may not do it. So speaking and doing are two different things. But the manner in which media projects “sting operation” is as if the person has already done something wrong and hence I do not support it. Sting operations are unethical and hypothetical scandals employed by media and journalists because they enjoy a powerful influence over the way we think.

3. Do journalists offer money to people to make them speak; when at first they decline to speak? It is obviously common. And most people won’t consider it wrong. But think about it – if the person demanded money to speak, it is considered unethical. But if they journalist offers him money to make him speak, it is considered fine. It is all about “perceptions”. Both acts are not so different and it is possible for us to call both acts as either ethical or unethical.

4. Did Nirbhaya’s boyfriend really do TV-hopping? Nirbhaya case was so much outrageous. I remember the media coverage around the time the incident had happened. I have following pointers about the incident and its media coverage:

-          Media had reported about the incident with graphic details about the victim and the crime. We can still remember the chilling details like “intestines being taken out”. Such brutal reporting with graphic details is never seen in most other cases of violent crimes. (In my opinion, media coverage was excessive)

-          The true identity of the victim was revealed shortly after the incident. Even though the nick name “Nirbhaya” was available and widely accepted and there was no reason to reveal the real name, her religion, her caste, her parents name, her home town etc, all these details were revealed soon after the incident. Who would be held answerable to this? (In my opinion, victims privacy was not protected by media)

-          The parents of Nirbhaya were too vocal and visible on the TV in due course after the incident. When I first came to know about Nirbhaya’s parents giving TV interviews and media showing them with their real face and names, talking about the incident and demanding stricter laws to prevent such cases, I was shocked in disbelief. Initially I did not believe that they were actually coming out and talking about it. Then I realized what was happening; I thought that it may be their way to come in terms with the grief. So I explained myself that it was fine. (In my opinion, it is surprising that the journalist is attacking Nirbhaya's boyfriend for TV-hopping while not accusing her parents for doing similar act. The intent is clear: it is not considered proper to accuse one's parents but it is okay to accuse one's boyfriend - since society anyway looks down on boyfriends)

-          Nirbhaya’s boyfriend was not so much seen anywhere in TV news those days. From the time of the incident I do not remember seeing Nirbhaya’s boyfriend anywhere. After a while a few news reports had started coming up about him as well. But in my understanding, Nirbhaya’s boyfriend was also a victim. From the news report I remember, he was also beaten up by the accused and he was thrown off from the bus before the accused committed the crime. (The journalist attacking the boyfriend want us to forget the fact that both Nirbhaya and her boyfriend were attacked and both were victims).

Now the final question is: should we trust the journalist totally and demonize Nirbhaya’s boyfriend now (as the journalist wants us to do) for doing something which is the norm in journalism: asking money for TV appearance? Here, I have following points:

-          Most of the time if journalists want someone having some information which viewers may be interested in hearing, to speak and the person is not speaking, they offer money to the concerned person in order to “incentivize” them to speak. This is not considered unethical.

-          Nirbhaya’s boyfriend was her real friend she trusted, that is why she would have gone out with him at that hour of the evening. So my first feeling toward him is not so negative. In other words, I do not believe he was a bad guy.

-          A lot of people in the media are corrupt. It is not uncommon that the journalists cook up stories by portraying someone as “evil” in order to increase TRP or popularity of their shows or content. I do not know if the journalist accusing Nirbhaya’s male friend is 100% honest or if he is just trying to cook up some controversy in order to gain popularity. And if he is doing this purposefully and we all blindly trust him, then there is greater danger ahead. More journalists will use the little pieces of information they have against others in order to defame and even “blackmail” them.

-          The journalist’s accusations appear like personal grudges to me. For example, the journalist says that he saw “no pain in the boyfriend’s eyes”. Now we all know that different people express feelings in different expressions. It is totally impossible for the boyfriend to not feel bad for Nirbhaya. Hence this “he had no feelings” looks rather like an attempt to persuade readers that the boyfriend is “pure evil”. Why did the journalist need to make such personal “demonization” of the man? I think it is so because his main argument was very light; so he employed this dirty trick to complete his “demonization act”.

My recommendation is not to trust the journalist’s version of the story totally. He may be telling truth but the truth may not look like the way he wants us to look at it. 


After having a look at his Tweets, it rather looks like a misuse of power by the jounralist. It is a case of:

1. Media trial: Where audience believe in whatever is being said by the journalist just because it is being said by a journalist (since they are conditioned into believing that the journalists tell nothing but the truth)

2. Male victimization: Where audience do not look into the side of the story of the accused just because the accused is a from a group who are considered dominant e.g. males
3. Victim blaming: The journalist even wrote in his Tweets that he doubted if the male friend even tried to save Nirbhaya. Here he chose to completely forget the real facts about the incident i.e. the boyfriend was beaten up and thrown off from a moving bus. As luck had it, the boy survived. And in a way the journalist is blaming him for surviving and arguing that if the boyfriend was honest, he should have died with Nirbhaya too. This is so stupid and evil argument and we should never fell for it. 

If the journalist is telling the truth exactly as it is, then of course this whole thing is very sad. Only a sick person would try to benefit from the victim’s loss. Anyone who tried to gain something out of what happened to Nirbhaya is a sick person. But I do not trust the journalist’s version of story totally and hence I won’t judge Nirbhaya’s boyfriend personally. That is all I have to say about it. What do you think?

- Rahul Tiwary

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