Friday, November 29, 2019

History: Is this the Right Time to Normalize Nathuram Godse?


Picture: Nathuram Godse  (1910-1949)

Member of Parliament Sadhvi Pragya Thakur has landed herself into a controversy by calling late Nathuram Godse a “patriot”. During a debate on Special Protection Group (SPG) amendment bill, a DMK member A. Raja quoted Nathuram Godse’s statement on why he had killed Mahatma Gandhi. At this point, Sadhvi Pragya interrupted and said, “you cannot give example of a patriot”. Even earlier this year when Kamal Hassan had called Nathuram Godse as “India’s first terrorist was a Hindu”, Sadhvi Pragya had protested it and called Godse a patriot. From the pattern we can see that she ends up speaking for Godse in “reaction” when she hears something against him.

While her complete opinion on Nathuram Godse may not be available, the very choice of the term “patriot” attributed to Nathuram Godse appeared to be so provocative to our politicians that they created an uproar and mainstream media followed them. Although Sadhvi Pragya Thakur has apologized, her party, the BJP, is in no mood to let her go. As a punishment, she has been dropped from a parliamentary panel and it is being said that she can be also sacked from other party positions or from the BJP itself. All these decisions point out to the fact that speaking about Nathuram Godse is a “taboo” in India. It is a taboo even in the 21st century when we are regularly being taught to “speak out” on other taboo subjects like menstruation, our body, sexual offenses, or men’s mental wellbeing. It seems India is ready to be liberated on all other subjects barring Nathuram Godse. It should make us think if our position is rational at all.

The reason why Nathuram Godse became a taboo is very simple. Nathuram Godse is not only the name of a person but also an idea. The idea will get very clear if we follow the sequence of events.

After World War-II, the British were ready to leave India. They wanted to transfer the power to an establishment which could rule and take the country forward. Muhammed Ali Jinnah was demanding a separate nation for Muslims. The other Indian leaders had two choices: (1) Not agree to Jinnah and delay independence, or (2) Agree to Jinnah leading to partition and get “instant” independence. Despite the risk, Indian leaders decided to go for the second option. The idea of having Pakistan in two pieces – one in East and other in West part of India, and to move millions of people across borders was so illogical that today we can certainly question the wisdom of our leaders of those times. Since India was being divided because of demand from minority Muslims, the atmosphere was naturally too much communally charged. Communal riots followed the partition and up to about 2 million (20 Lakh) people died. Thousands of women were raped or abducted. It was an apocalypse.

While people were naturally angry at the wisdom of Indian leaders, and angrier at the Muslim community whose demand for separate nation caused this massacre, there was one man who decided to do something about it. He used his own independent thought and came to the conclusion that Congress Party leaders must be held accountable for making such a reckless, selfish and disastrous decision which led to Lakhs of people being massacred and disgraced. He decided that as the most powerful person in the Congress Party, Mahatma Gandhi should be held accountable for this. And he also decided on the quantum of punishment – it should be no less than a death punishment. Therefore, Nathuram Godse acted as lawyer, judge and police – all by himself - and gave death penalty to the person responsible for murder and humiliation of millions of Indians. Even if such a case was run in any international court, the punishment for death and disgrace of 2 million innocent people would definitely be a death penalty.

Now this “idea” that a common citizen can “judge” the powerful politicians and messiahs of the elite and can even carry out the punishment like Robin Hood was an idea that was so provocative to the government. If more people started doing that, there would be complete anarchy all around. Especially at that point of time in India’s history when the nation had just got freedom and was busy trying to stand on its feet and wounds from partition were yet to heal, our leaders decided to shut this whole topic down. It did not matter that Nathuram Godse had given his arguments in the court of law and tried to explain his rational position behind his act. The book based on his speech was banned. And Indian parliament banned the word “Godse” as unparliamentary. Soon after Godse killed Mahatma Gandhi, riots happened in Maharashtra against the caste/community Godse belonged to. Several people from his community changed their surnames to avoid being lynched for being a “Godse”. Godse and Nathuram Godse had become a complete taboo. No one wanted to talk about Nathuram Godse. No one was allowed to talk about him.

But if we look at the rationale behind making Godse a taboo; it appears to be more of a situational tactic. India was then a nascent nation whose priorities were communal harmony and self-reliance. Hence it sacrificed freedom of speech and a rational discourse by banning references to Nathuram Godse. With the passage of time there was no longer any clear threat from the idea of Nathuram Godse. In 1989, Pradip Dalvi’s Marathi play Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy told the story of Mahatma Gandhi’s assassination from the perspective of Nathuram Godse. In year 2000, Kamal Hassan made a movie called “Hey Ram” about assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. In the year 2015, the word “Godse” was finally removed from the list of banned words in Indian parliament after a complaint by Shiv Sena MP from Nashik, Mr. Hemant Tukaram Godse who asked a very valid question about how could a “surname” be banned in Indian parliament! But somehow when Sadhvi Pragya Thakur calls Nathuram Godse a “patriot”, it sounds too provocative to be accepted. And there are reasons behind this.

I think the reason why Sadhvi Pragya Thakur is shunted after her comment in Parliament is that we can’t switch from a “taboo” to “appreciation” abruptly. Indian society has not been given a chance to discuss about Nathuram Godse yet. Indian artists, playwrights or movie makers have not been given enough chance to explore the psyche of Nathuram Godse. Because Godse has been banned from public discourse for so long, Indian public is not much aware about him or his ideas. Hence when someone like Sadhvi Pragya calls him a “patriot”, it is something which is difficult to be digested by politicians and people alike.

Therefore we must reflect if this is the right time to remove the taboo around Godse and to “normalize” him and his ideas. In this age of social media and free flows of ideas and thoughts, Indian public is mature enough to understand, accept, differentiate and disagree while maintaining the needed calm. Indian politicians and political parties should stop being so touchy about Nathuram Godse. Let movies, art and literature explore Godse and his ideas along with those of Mahatma Gandhi too. If we allow this, there will be less risk of misleading or false propaganda being passed for or against Nathuram Godse.

As a bottom line, I think it is high time we must remove the taboo around Godse for once and forever.

- Rahul Tiwary

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